6 Currently, there is limited and controversial evidence on the impact of BPA on adverse reproductive outcomes, and the available evidence-based options are only moderately effective. 5 However, many studies have revealed that even low-level exposure to BPA can potentially have adverse effects on human reproduction and pregnancy by affecting the functions of the ovary, uterus and prostate and can reduce oocyte quality in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
3 4 The US Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada, the European Food Safety Authority and Food Standards Australia New Zealand all assert that current exposure to BPA provides no health hazards or safety concerns to persons of any age group (including unborn children, babies and pregnant women).
2 BPA has been shown to leach from beverage containers under normal conditions of use, which has also been confirmed by the detection of BPA in human serum, urine, amniotic fluid, follicular fluid, placental tissue and umbilical cord blood. 1 BPA is also used in the production of polycarbonate plastics used in many consumer products, including polycarbonate plastics, medical equipment, polymer-based dental fillings, glasses and personal care products. The plastic monomer and plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide and has been used in food packaging since the 1960s. Finally, a sensitivity analysis will also be conducted to estimate whether our results could have been markedly affected by a single included study. Heterogeneity in estimates from different articles will be quantified, and publication bias will be investigated using funnel plots. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies using a star rating system ranging from 0 to 9 stars. In addition, the references of the included literature will also be traced to supplement our search results and to obtain all relevant literature. The titles and abstracts followed by full-text screening will also be conducted independently by two reviewers. Articles will be screened for inclusion in or exclusion from the study independently by two reviewers after removing the duplicates.
The language will be restricted to English. Methods and analysis A comprehensive literature search will be performed in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials for relevant articles using MeSH terms and related entry terms (up to 20 April 2022).
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